{"id":16455,"date":"2019-07-08T05:47:55","date_gmt":"2019-07-08T05:47:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.unicoil.sa\/?page_id=16455"},"modified":"2022-10-10T11:44:31","modified_gmt":"2022-10-10T11:44:31","slug":"literatura-sobre-galvanizado","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/","title":{"rendered":"Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado"},"content":{"rendered":"Existe una extensa literatura de dominio p\u00fablico disponible sobre el galvanizado. Esta secci\u00f3n de la biblioteca resume la literatura relacionada con el proceso de galvanizado para aceros galvanizados por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente, a partir de una descripci\u00f3n del zinc y de c\u00f3mo protege el acero, el proceso de galvanizado por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente, las normas internacionales relacionadas y las aplicaciones.\n\n<div data-rt-animation-group=\"group\" class=\"rt-toggle small _full\"><ol>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">1<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Datos b\u00e1sicos sobre el zinc como elemento<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEste metal vital de color plateado, azul gris\u00e1ceo, es abundante, esencial y com\u00fan, e incluso m\u00e1s importante, infinitamente reciclable. El zinc es el vigesimos\u00e9ptimo elemento m\u00e1s abundante en la corteza terrestre. Se encuentra de forma natural en el aire, el agua, el suelo y la biosfera. La mayor\u00eda de las rocas y muchos minerales, as\u00ed como los seres humanos, las plantas y los animales, contienen zinc en cantidades variables. De hecho, aproximadamente 5,8 millones de toneladas de zinc se reciclan anualmente de forma natural mediante los procesos de vida vegetal y animal, la lluvia, los fen\u00f3menos naturales y otras actividades.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/lead-group.jpg\" alt=\"lead-group\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4330\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Zinc<\/h4>\n<h5>Royal Society of Chemistry<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.rsc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.rsc.org<\/a>\n\nZinc is identified as an element in 1746, but known to the Greeks and Romans before 20BC. Discovered by Andreas Marggraf, thhe name is derived from the German, &#8216;zinc&#8217;, which may in turn be derived from the Persian word &#8216;sing&#8217;, meaning stone&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.rsc.org\/periodic-table\/element\/30\/zinc\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">2<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Minas de zinc en el mundo<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEl consumo mundial de zinc se mantuvo estable en 2011, ya que el aumento del consumo en pa\u00edses con mercados emergentes (como China, Brasil e India) compens\u00f3 la disminuci\u00f3n del consumo en Europa y Estados Unidos, seg\u00fan las estad\u00edsticas del International Lead and Zinc Study Group.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/geology-com.jpg\" alt=\"geology-com\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4382\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Uses of Zinc<\/h4>\n<h5>Geology.com<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/geology.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.geology.com<\/a>\n\nCenturies before it was identified as an element, zinc was used to make brass (an alloy of zinc and copper) and for medicinal purposes. Metallic zinc and zinc oxide were produced in India sometime between the 11th and 14th centuries and in China in the 17th century, although the discovery of pure metallic zinc is credited to the German chemist Andreas Marggraf, who isolated the element in 1746 &#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/geology.com\/usgs\/uses-of-zinc\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t20 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/usgs-logo.jpg\" alt=\"usgs-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4381\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Zinc<\/h4>\n<h5>U.S. Geological Survey<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.minerals.usgs.gov<\/a>\n\nDomestic Production and Use: The value of zinc mined in 2013, based on zinc contained in concentrate, was about $1.60 billion. Zinc was mined in 4 States at 14 mines operated by 4 companies. Two facilities\u2014one primary and the other secondary\u2014produced the bulk of commercial-grade refined zinc metal&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/minerals.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/zinc\/mcs-2014-zinc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">3<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Procesamiento del zinc<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nExisten dos procesos principales: el proceso electrol\u00edtico y el proceso t\u00e9rmico. M\u00e1s del 90 % de la producci\u00f3n mundial procede del proceso electrol\u00edtico.\nEl proceso electrol\u00edtico tiene cuatro etapas:\n\na) concentraci\u00f3n de la mena\nb) tostaci\u00f3n del mineral en aire\nc) conversi\u00f3n del \u00f3xido de zinc en sulfato de zinc\nd) electr\u00f3lisis de la soluci\u00f3n de sulfato de zinc\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/cice-logo.jpg\" alt=\"cice-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4380\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Uses of Zinc<\/h4>\n<h5>The Essential Chemical Industry<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.essentialchemicalindustry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.essentialchemicalindustry.org<\/a>\n\nZinc is often found in nature together with lead in sulfide ores.  The metals are separated during refining. As zinc is resistant to corrosion and easy to apply, much of it is used to protect iron and steel-based products&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.essentialchemicalindustry.org\/metals\/zinc.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">4<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Aplicaciones del zinc en general<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEn 2013 se produjeron m\u00e1s de 13 millones de toneladas de zinc en todo el mundo. El sesenta por ciento de esta cantidad se utiliza para el galvanizado, a fin de proteger el acero de la corrosi\u00f3n, lo cual prolonga la vida \u00fatil de los productos de acero de forma importante. Aproximadamente el 15 % se dedica a la fabricaci\u00f3n de aleaciones a base de zinc, principalmente como suministro para la industria de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, el 14 % va a la producci\u00f3n de lat\u00f3n y bronce y el 8 % a la producci\u00f3n de compuestos que contienen \u00f3xido de zinc y sulfato de zinc. El resto son aleaciones de zinc, principalmente laminadas, que se utilizan en aplicaciones semifabricadas, incluidas acu\u00f1aciones y aplicaciones arquitect\u00f3nicas.\n\nA continuaci\u00f3n, estos proveedores de primer uso convierten el zinc en una amplia gama de productos. Con distancia, el \u00e1rea de aplicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s importante es la construcci\u00f3n con el 45 % de todos los productos de zinc de primera utilizaci\u00f3n utilizados en esta \u00e1rea. El sector del transporte consume el 25 % del consumo global de zinc y los bienes de consumo, incluidos los aparatos el\u00e9ctricos y electr\u00f3nicos, representan el 23 %. El 7 % restante se utiliza para la fabricaci\u00f3n de maquinaria industrial.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/iza-logo.jpg\" alt=\"iza-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4379\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>History of Zinc<\/h4>\n<h5>International Zinc Association<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.zinc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.zinc.org<\/a>\n\nCenturies before zinc was discovered in the metallic form, its ores were used for making brass and zinc compounds for medicinal purposes. Zinc compounds were in the ores smelted certainly as early as 200 B.C. to obtain copper and which gave alloys of copper and zinc \u2013 the brass family&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zinc.org\/basics\/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t20 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/ilzsg-logo.jpg\" alt=\"ilzsg-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4378\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>End Uses of Lead<\/h4>\n<h5>International Lead and Zinc Study Group<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilzsg.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.ilzsg.org<\/a>\n\nThe principal consumption of lead is for lead-acid batteries which are used in vehicles, and in emergency systems (e.g. hospitals) as well as in industrial batteries found in computers and fork lift trucks&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ilzsg.org\/static\/enduses.aspx?from=2\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t20 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/zic-logo.jpg\" alt=\"zic-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4377\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Application : Zinc Coating<\/h4>\n<h5>Zinc Information Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.zincinfocentre.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.zincinfocentre.org<\/a>\n\nThe principal consumption of lead is for lead-acid batteries which are used in vehicles, and in emergency systems (e.g. hospitals) as well as in industrial batteries found in computers and fork lift trucks&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zincinfocentre.org\/zinc_applications.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">5<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Aplicaciones del zinc en la Industria del acero plano<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nHay una serie de recubrimientos de zinc que, a menudo, se denominan gen\u00e9ricamente &#8220;galvanizado&#8221;, pero cada uno tiene caracter\u00edsticas \u00fanicas. Estas caracter\u00edsticas no solo afectan a la aplicabilidad, sino tambi\u00e9n a la econom\u00eda y al comportamiento en el medio ambiente. El m\u00e9todo de aplicaci\u00f3n, la adhesi\u00f3n al metal de base, la dureza, la resistencia a la corrosi\u00f3n y el grosor de cada recubrimiento de zinc var\u00edan. Esta ayuda pr\u00e1ctica examina los recubrimientos de zinc siguientes: galvanizado en l\u00e1mina continua, electrogalvanizado y zincado electrol\u00edtico, con el fin de ayudar a arquitectos, ingenieros y otros especificadores a evaluar y seleccionar el recubrimiento de zinc m\u00e1s adecuado para la protecci\u00f3n frente a la corrosi\u00f3n.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Hot-Dip Coated Sheet Products<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nGalvInfoNote 2.1 describes the steel sheet hot-dip coating process, explaining how it is used to make seven different types of coated products. These products, and the specifications to which they are made, are described in more detail below. &#8230;.\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_1_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t20 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/asa-logo.jpg\" alt=\"asa-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4376\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Zinc Coating<\/h4>\n<h5>Galvanizers Association<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvanizeit.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvanizeit.org<\/a>\n\nZinc, a natural, healthy, and abundant element was first used in construction in 79 AD; thus, its characteristics as a well-suited corrosion protective coating for iron and steel products has long been known. The 27th most abundant element in the Earth&#8217;s crust, zinc is naturally present in rocks, soil, air, water, and the biosphere, as well as in plants, animals, and humans&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvanizeit.org\/images\/uploads\/publicationPDFs\/Zinc_Coatings.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">6<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">C\u00f3mo el zinc protege el acero<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEl mecanismo principal por el cual los recubrimientos galvanizados protegen el acero es proporcionando una barrera impermeable que no permite que la humedad entre en contacto con el acero, ya que, sin humedad (electrolito), no hay corrosi\u00f3n. La naturaleza del proceso de galvanizado asegura que el recubrimiento de zinc met\u00e1lico tenga una excelente adherencia, y resistencia a la abrasi\u00f3n y la corrosi\u00f3n. Los recubrimientos galvanizados no se degradan (mediante grietas, ampollas y peladuras) como ocurre con otros revestimientos de barrera como la pintura. Sin embargo, el zinc es un material reactivo y se corroe y erosiona lentamente. Por esta raz\u00f3n, la protecci\u00f3n que ofrece un recubrimiento galvanizado es proporcional a su grosor ya la velocidad de corrosi\u00f3n. Por lo tanto, es importante entender el mecanismo de corrosi\u00f3n del zinc y qu\u00e9 factores afectan a la velocidad de este proceso.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>How Zinc Protects Steel<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nSteel sheet is a very versatile product. It comes in many sizes and types, and is applied to many end uses including steel buildings, automotive panels, signs, and appliances. The low cost, strength and formability of steel sheet are some reasons for its widespread use&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_3_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t20 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Galvanic\/Bimetallic (including Cut Edge) Corrosion of Galvanized Sheet<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nCorrosion reactions require four components: viz., an anode, a cathode, an electrical circuit and an electrolyte. Galvanic corrosion is the corrosion that results when two dissimilar metals with different potentials are placed in electrical contact in an electrolyte&#8230;.\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote-3-6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">7<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Procesamiento de galvanizado por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nComo su nombre indica, el revestimiento continuo por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente implica la aplicaci\u00f3n de un recubrimiento fundido sobre la superficie de la chapa de acero en un proceso continuo. La l\u00e1mina de acero se pasa como una cinta continua por un ba\u00f1o de metal fundido a velocidades de hasta 183 metros por minuto. En el ba\u00f1o de metal fundido, la banda de acero reacciona (forma una aleaci\u00f3n) con el metal fundido para unir el recubrimiento sobre la superficie de la tira. Cuando la tira emerge del ba\u00f1o fundido, arrastra el exceso de metal l\u00edquido, igual que al extraer un objeto r\u00e1pidamente de un recipiente con agua. Un proceso de limpieza con gas permite obtener un recubrimiento de grosor controlado que, por lo general, se expresa en forma de masa de recubrimiento por unidad de superficie.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>The Continuous Hot-Dip Coating Process for Steel Sheet Products<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nThe continuous hot-dip coating process for steel-sheet products is widely used and employed in all corners of the globe today. It was originally developed over fifty years ago for galvanizing (zinc-coating). Now it is also used to apply other metals to steel sheet and the early practitioners would hardly recognize the coating lines of today&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_2_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t20 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Continuous Hot-Dip\tGalvanizing \u2013 Process and Products<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nGalvanizing is a process for rustproofing iron and steel by the application of a zinc coating. Three of the most-used processes for applying zinc to iron and steel are hot-dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, and zinc spraying. Most products are coated using the hot-dip process. ..\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_2_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">8<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Formaci\u00f3n del floreado<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEl diccionario define el floreado (tambi\u00e9n llamado &#8220;lentejuela&#8221;) como un objeto brillante. Cuando se utiliza este t\u00e9rmino para describir el aspecto superficial de la l\u00e1mina de acero galvanizado, se refiere al t\u00edpico patr\u00f3n en forma de estrellas o copos de nieve con simetr\u00eda hexagonal visible a simple vista. La Figura 1 muestra los detalles de un patr\u00f3n de floreado t\u00edpico de un recubrimiento galvanizado con una ampliaci\u00f3n de aproximadamente 10x.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>The Spangle on Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nFor many years, galvanized articles made by hot-dip coating techniques were identified by a characteristic spangle appearance. In some cases, this is still true today. However, because of changes in the zinc refining process, in the galvanizing process, in the demands of the marketplace, and health concerns, relatively little hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made today has a visible spangle&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_2_6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">9<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Selecci\u00f3n del grosor del recubrimiento (peso o masa) para l\u00e1minas de acero galvanizado<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nLa selecci\u00f3n correcta del grosor del recubrimiento para satisfacer las necesidades de un usuario de l\u00e1minas de acero galvanizado requiere conocer la corrosividad del ambiente donde se va a utilizar el producto. El grosor del recubrimiento de zinc determina en gran medida su vida \u00fatil final, pero no se utiliza directamente para especificar la cantidad de revestimiento. GalvInfoNote 1.1 explica por qu\u00e9 no se especifican los recubrimientos de l\u00e1minas galvanizadas como grosores sino como peso del recubrimiento (sistema pulgada-libra) o masa del recubrimiento (sistema internacional).\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Selecting Coating Thickness (Weight or Mass) for Galvanized Steel Sheet Products<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nThe proper selection of coating thickness to meet a galvanized steel sheet user&#8217;s needs requires\nknowledge of the corrosiveness of the environment in which the product will be used. The thickness of the zinc coating largely determines its ultimate life, but it is not used directly to specify the amount of coating&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_1_6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t20 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Understanding Coating Weight Designations for Zinc-Based Coatings on Steel Sheet<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nFor many years, galvanized articles made by hot-dip coating techniques were identified by a characteristic spangle appearance. In some cases, this is still true today. However, because of changes in the zinc refining process, in the galvanizing process, in the demands of the marketplace, and health concerns, relatively little hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made today has a visible spangle&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_1_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">10<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Aplicaciones de las l\u00e1minas de acero galvanizado<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nAplicaciones de las l\u00e1minas de acero galvanizado: conductos para aire acondicionado y calefacci\u00f3n, electrodom\u00e9sticos, sistemas de refrigeraci\u00f3n y aire acondicionado, paneles el\u00e9ctricos calentadores y refrigeradores, revestimiento de metal, tejados, puertas de acero, mobiliario, autom\u00f3viles, blindaje de cables subterr\u00e1neos, rejillas para cables, mallas, techos falsos, particiones etc,\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">11<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Normas nacionales e internacionales relativas a las l\u00e1minas de acero galvanizado<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEspecificaci\u00f3n de la norma ASTM A653\/A653M-15 para l\u00e1mina de acero, recubierta de zinc (galvanizado) o recubierta de aleaci\u00f3n de hierro y zinc (galvanneal) mediante proceso de inmersi\u00f3n en caliente: EN 10346-09 &#8211; productos de acero plano recubierto mediante inmersi\u00f3n en caliente &#8211; condiciones t\u00e9cnicas de suministro: JIS G3302 &#8211; L\u00e1minas y bobinas de acero galvanizado por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente: ISO 3575-2011- l\u00e1mina de acero al carbono recubierto con zinc mediante inmersi\u00f3n continua en caliente, de calidad comercial y para estirado\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/astm-logo.jpg\" alt=\"astm-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4365\">\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">12<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 se a\u00f1ade plomo al ba\u00f1o de zinc utilizado para galvanizar?<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEl plomo promueve la formaci\u00f3n del floreado. El plomo es miscible en zinc l\u00edquido hasta aproximadamente el 0,5 %. Los niveles superiores se depositar\u00e1n en la parte inferior del ba\u00f1o de galvanizado en forma de l\u00edquido inmiscible rico en plomo.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>The Spangle on Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nFor many years, galvanized articles made by hot-dip coating techniques were identified by a characteristic spangle appearance. In some cases, this is still true today. However, because of changes in the zinc refining process, in the galvanizing process, in the demands of the marketplace, and health concerns, relatively little hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made today has a visible spangle..\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_2_6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">13<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Grados de zinc disponibles para el galvanizado continuo por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEl zinc desempe\u00f1a un papel crucial en el galvanizado continuo por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente. Utilizar el grado adecuado de zinc, aleaci\u00f3n de grado de galvanizaci\u00f3n continua (CGG) o aleaci\u00f3n maestra es esencial para obtener un producto galvanizado que cumpla los requisitos del mercado. El control minucioso de la cantidad de aluminio en el zinc es crucial para lograr una buena adhesi\u00f3n al sustrato de acero. Para lograr esto, el galvanizador debe poder disponer de un suministro de lingotes de zinc sin procesar que cumplan con los l\u00edmites de composici\u00f3n espec\u00edficos. Esto se consigue mediante una serie de normas ASTM que cubren los productos de zinc. GalvInfoNote 5.2 en el GalvInfo Center (consulte el enlace m\u00e1s adelante) revisa los grados de zinc disponibles para el galvanizado continuo por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente y los documentos de ASTM que los regulan.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Zinc Grades Used for Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanizing<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nZinc plays a crucial role in continuous hot-dip galvanizing. Using the correctly specified grade of zinc, continuous galvanizing grade (CGG) alloy, or master alloy is key to producing a galvanized product that meets the requirements of the market place&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_5_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">14<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Efecto del plomo en el zinc sobre el rendimiento y la durabilidad del acero galvanizado<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\n\u2022 Oscurecimiento del floreado\n\u2022 Fallo de adherencia retardado\n\u2022 Inadecuado para aplicaciones de pintura\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/science-direct.jpg\" alt=\"science-direct\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4387\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Premature Darkening Problem and its Prevention in Galvanized Sheet Surface<\/h4>\n<h5>Science Direct<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.sciencedirect.com<\/a>\n\nIn the engineering and construction sectors, hot-dip galvanized steel sheets are preferred by users for their beautiful appearance consisting of large flowery grains termed &#8221;spangles&#8221;; originating from the solidification pattern of the zinc layer&#8230;.\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Premature-darkening-problem.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">15<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Alternativas al plomo en el zinc<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\nEl uso de antimonio mitiga las preocupaciones relativas a la salud a causa del plomo. Sin embargo, la corrosi\u00f3n de la l\u00ednea de floreado puede ser un problema.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/galvinfo-logo.jpg\" alt=\"galvinfo-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4385\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>The Spangle on Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet<\/h4>\n<h5>The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">www.galvinfo.com<\/a>\n\nFor many years, galvanized articles made by hot-dip coating techniques were identified by a characteristic spangle appearance. In some cases, this is still true today. However, because of changes in the zinc refining process, in the galvanizing process, in the demands of the marketplace, and health concerns, relatively little hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made today has a visible spangle&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.galvinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/05\/GalvInfoNote_2_6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<li data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\"><div class=\"toggle-head\"><div class=\"toggle-number\">16<\/div><div class=\"toggle-title\">Una nueva cl\u00e1usula en ASTM para l\u00e1minas de acero galvanizado limita el plomo en zinc a 90 ppm<\/div><\/div><div class=\"toggle-content fluid\">\n\n6.2 An\u00e1lisis del ba\u00f1o de zinc: el ba\u00f1o de metal utilizado para el galvanizado continuo por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente deber\u00e1 contener no menos del 99 % de zinc, con un nivel de plomo no superior al 0,009 %.\n\nNOTA 3: Para controlar la formaci\u00f3n de aleaciones y promover la adhesi\u00f3n del recubrimiento de zinc con el metal de la base de acero, la composici\u00f3n del metal fundido para el recubrimiento normalmente contiene un porcentaje de aluminio en el intervalo de 0,05 a 0,25. Este aluminio se introduce a prop\u00f3sito en el ba\u00f1o fundido para el recubrimiento, ya sea como un ingrediente ya especificado en la aportaci\u00f3n de zinc o mediante la adici\u00f3n de una aleaci\u00f3n maestra que contiene aluminio. La especificaci\u00f3n B852 especifica las aleaciones de zinc de grado de galvanizaci\u00f3n continua (CGG), incluidas m\u00faltiples aleaciones de zinc; ambas cosas permiten controlar el recubrimiento fundido dentro del 0,05 al 0,25 % de aluminio y sin superar el 0,009 % de plomo. La especificaci\u00f3n B6 especifica ciertos grados de zinc que no superan el 0,009 % de plomo, pero contienen niveles inferiores de aluminio.\n<h4>Estudios Relacionados<\/h4>\n<hr class=\"style-five margin-t10 margin-b20 \"  data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"fadeInDown\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >\n\n<div class=\"row clearfix\">\n\n<div class=\"box four \">\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/astm-logo.jpg\" alt=\"astm-logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4365\">\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"box three-four \">\n<h4>Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process<\/h4>\n<h5>ASTM International<\/h5>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.astm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\twww.astm.org <\/a>\n\nThis specification covers steel sheet, zinc-coated (galvanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the hot-dip process in coils and cut lengths. The material is available in several designations as follows: commercial steel, forming steel, deep drawing steel, extra deep drawing steel, structural steel, high strength low alloy steel, high strength low alloy steel with improved formability, solution hardened steel, and bake hardenable steel&#8230;\n\n<a id=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.astm.org\/Standards\/A653.htm\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"read more\" class=\"button_ default small  margin-t5 alignleft\" data-rt-animate=\"animate\" data-rt-animation-type=\"bounceIn\" data-rt-animation-group=\"single\" >read more<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/li>\n\n<\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Existe una extensa literatura de dominio p\u00fablico disponible sobre el galvanizado. Esta secci\u00f3n de la biblioteca resume la literatura relacionada con el proceso de galvanizado para aceros galvanizados por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente, a partir de una descripci\u00f3n del zinc y de c\u00f3mo protege el acero, el proceso de galvanizado por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente, las normas [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado - UNICOIL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado - UNICOIL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Existe una extensa literatura de dominio p\u00fablico disponible sobre el galvanizado. Esta secci\u00f3n de la biblioteca resume la literatura relacionada con el proceso de galvanizado para aceros galvanizados por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente, a partir de una descripci\u00f3n del zinc y de c\u00f3mo protege el acero, el proceso de galvanizado por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente, las normas [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UNICOIL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-10-10T11:44:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"20 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/\",\"name\":\"Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado - UNICOIL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-07-08T05:47:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-10-10T11:44:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/\",\"name\":\"UNICOIL\",\"description\":\"UNICOIL - A Leader in Steel Coil Coating and Prepainted Steels\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#organization\",\"name\":\"UNICOIL\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-content\/uploads\/UNICOIL-Logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-content\/uploads\/UNICOIL-Logo-1.png\",\"width\":1028,\"height\":617,\"caption\":\"UNICOIL\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado - UNICOIL","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado - UNICOIL","og_description":"Existe una extensa literatura de dominio p\u00fablico disponible sobre el galvanizado. Esta secci\u00f3n de la biblioteca resume la literatura relacionada con el proceso de galvanizado para aceros galvanizados por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente, a partir de una descripci\u00f3n del zinc y de c\u00f3mo protege el acero, el proceso de galvanizado por inmersi\u00f3n en caliente, las normas [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/","og_site_name":"UNICOIL","article_modified_time":"2022-10-10T11:44:31+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"20 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/","url":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/","name":"Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado - UNICOIL","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-07-08T05:47:55+00:00","dateModified":"2022-10-10T11:44:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/es\/literatura-sobre-galvanizado\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Bibliograf\u00eda sobre galvanizado"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/","name":"UNICOIL","description":"UNICOIL - A Leader in Steel Coil Coating and Prepainted Steels","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#organization","name":"UNICOIL","url":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-content\/uploads\/UNICOIL-Logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-content\/uploads\/UNICOIL-Logo-1.png","width":1028,"height":617,"caption":"UNICOIL"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16455"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16455"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22967,"href":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16455\/revisions\/22967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}