{"id":16458,"date":"2019-07-08T05:50:37","date_gmt":"2019-07-08T05:50:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.unicoil.sa\/?page_id=16458"},"modified":"2019-07-08T05:50:37","modified_gmt":"2019-07-08T05:50:37","slug":"references-sur-la-galvanisation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur la galvanisation"},"content":{"rendered":"

De nombreux ouvrages sur la galvanisation sont disponibles dans le domaine public. Cette section de la biblioth\u00e8que r\u00e9sume la litt\u00e9rature portant sur la galvanisation des aciers par immersion \u00e0 chaud, avec tout d’abord une description du zinc et de la mani\u00e8re dont il prot\u00e8ge l’acier, puis le processus de galvanisation par immersion \u00e0 chaud, les normes internationales associ\u00e9es et les applications existantes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n

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  1. 1<\/div>
    Donn\u00e9es \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires sur l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment zinc<\/div><\/div>
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    Ce m\u00e9tal strat\u00e9gique bleu-gris argent est abondant, essentiel et courant, et, chose encore plus importante, il est ind\u00e9finiment recyclable. Le zinc repr\u00e9sente le 27e \u00e9l\u00e9ment le plus abondant pr\u00e9sent dans la cro\u00fbte terrestre. Il existe \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat naturel dans l’air, l’eau, le sol et la biosph\u00e8re. La plupart des roches et de nombreux min\u00e9raux, ainsi que les plantes, les animaux et les humains contiennent du zinc en quantit\u00e9s variables. En fait, environ 5,8 millions de tonnes de zinc sont recycl\u00e9s naturellement dans l’environnement chaque ann\u00e9e par la vie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale et animale, les pluies, les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes naturels et d’autres activit\u00e9s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
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    Zinc<\/h4>\r\n

    Royal Society of Chemistry<\/h5>\r\nwww.rsc.org<\/a>\r\n

    Zinc is identified as an element in 1746, but known to the Greeks and Romans before 20BC. Discovered by Andreas Marggraf, thhe name is derived from the German, ‘zinc’, which may in turn be derived from the Persian word ‘sing’, meaning stone…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n

  2. 2<\/div>
    Mines de zinc dans le monde<\/div><\/div>
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    La consommation mondiale de zinc est rest\u00e9e constante en 2011, la croissance de la consommation dans les pays \u00e9mergeants (tels que la Chine, le Br\u00e9sil et l’Inde) contrebalan\u00e7ant la baisse de consommation en Europe et aux \u00c9tats-Unis, selon les statistiques du Groupe d’\u00e9tude international du plomb et du zinc. <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
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    Uses of Zinc<\/h4>\r\n

    Geology.com<\/h5>\r\nwww.geology.com<\/a>\r\n

    Centuries before it was identified as an element, zinc was used to make brass (an alloy of zinc and copper) and for medicinal purposes. Metallic zinc and zinc oxide were produced in India sometime between the 11th and 14th centuries and in China in the 17th century, although the discovery of pure metallic zinc is credited to the German chemist Andreas Marggraf, who isolated the element in 1746 … <\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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    Zinc<\/h4>\r\n

    U.S. Geological Survey<\/h5>\r\nwww.minerals.usgs.gov<\/a>\r\n

    Domestic Production and Use: The value of zinc mined in 2013, based on zinc contained in concentrate, was about $1.60 billion. Zinc was mined in 4 States at 14 mines operated by 4 companies. Two facilities\u2014one primary and the other secondary\u2014produced the bulk of commercial-grade refined zinc metal… <\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  3. 3<\/div>
    Traitement du zinc<\/div><\/div>
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    Il existe deux traitements principaux : le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e9lectrolytique et le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 thermique. Plus de 90 % de la production mondiale provient du proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e9lectrolytique.
    \r\nLe proc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e9lectrolytique comprend quatre phases :

    \r\na) Concentration du minerai
    \r\nb) Grillage du minerai \u00e0 l’air
    \r\nc) Conversion de l’oxyde de zinc en sulfate de zinc
    \r\nd) \u00c9lectrolyse de la solution de sulfate de zinc
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    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
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    Uses of Zinc<\/h4>\r\n

    The Essential Chemical Industry<\/h5>\r\nwww.essentialchemicalindustry.org<\/a>\r\n

    Zinc is often found in nature together with lead in sulfide ores. The metals are separated during refining. As zinc is resistant to corrosion and easy to apply, much of it is used to protect iron and steel-based products…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  4. 4<\/div>
    Applications g\u00e9n\u00e9rales du zinc<\/div><\/div>
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    Plus de 13 millions de tonnes de zinc ont \u00e9t\u00e9 produites dans le monde en 2013. 60 % de cette quantit\u00e9 sont utilis\u00e9s pour la galvanisation afin de prot\u00e9ger l’acier contre la corrosion et de prolonger ainsi de fa\u00e7on significative la dur\u00e9e de service des produits en acier. Environ 15 % sont utilis\u00e9s dans la production d’alliages \u00e0 base de zinc, principalement pour approvisionner l’industrie du moulage sous pression, 14 % servent \u00e0 la production de laiton et de bronze, et 8 % \u00e0 la production de compos\u00e9s tels que l’oxyde de zinc et le sulfate de zinc. Le reste regroupe les alliages de zinc, principalement lamin\u00e9s, utilis\u00e9s dans les applications semi-manufactur\u00e9es, dont notamment les applications de frappe de monnaie et d’architecture.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    Ces fournisseurs de premier usage transforment le zinc en une large palette de produits. Le plus grand domaine d’application est de loin le b\u00e2timent, qui utilise 45 % de tous les produits en zinc de premier usage. Le secteur des transports consomme 25 % de la consommation mondiale de zinc et les biens de consommation (dont les appareils \u00e9lectriques et \u00e9lectroniques) en utilisent 23 %. Les 7 % restants servent \u00e0 la fabrication de machines industrielles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
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    History of Zinc<\/h4>\r\n

    International Zinc Association<\/h5>\r\nwww.zinc.org<\/a>\r\n

    Centuries before zinc was discovered in the metallic form, its ores were used for making brass and zinc compounds for medicinal purposes. Zinc compounds were in the ores smelted certainly as early as 200 B.C. to obtain copper and which gave alloys of copper and zinc \u2013 the brass family…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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    End Uses of Lead<\/h4>\r\n

    International Lead and Zinc Study Group<\/h5>\r\nwww.ilzsg.org<\/a>\r\n

    The principal consumption of lead is for lead-acid batteries which are used in vehicles, and in emergency systems (e.g. hospitals) as well as in industrial batteries found in computers and fork lift trucks…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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    Application : Zinc Coating<\/h4>\r\n

    Zinc Information Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.zincinfocentre.org<\/a>\r\n

    The principal consumption of lead is for lead-acid batteries which are used in vehicles, and in emergency systems (e.g. hospitals) as well as in industrial batteries found in computers and fork lift trucks…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  5. 5<\/div>
    Applications du zinc dans l’industrie de l’acier plat<\/div><\/div>
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    De nombreux rev\u00eatements de zinc, souvent g\u00e9n\u00e9riquement qualifi\u00e9s de \u00ab galvanisants \u00bb, poss\u00e8dent des caract\u00e9ristiques uniques. Ces caract\u00e9ristiques n’affectent pas seulement leurs conditions d’application, mais aussi l’\u00e9conomie et les performances en mati\u00e8re d’environnement. Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 d’application, l’adh\u00e9rence au m\u00e9tal de base, la duret\u00e9, la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion et l’\u00e9paisseur de chaque rev\u00eatement de zinc varient. Ce guide pratique passe en revue les rev\u00eatements de zinc suivants : la galvanisation en continu de t\u00f4les, l’\u00e9lectrozingage et le placage au zinc, afin d’aider les architectes, les ing\u00e9nieurs et d’autres prescripteurs \u00e0 \u00e9valuer et s\u00e9lectionner le rev\u00eatement de zinc le plus appropri\u00e9 pour la protection contre la corrosion.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
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    \r\n\"galvinfo-logo\"\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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    Hot-Dip Coated Sheet Products<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center <\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    GalvInfoNote 2.1 describes the steel sheet hot-dip coating process, explaining how it is used to make seven different types of coated products. These products, and the specifications to which they are made, are described in more detail below. ….<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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    Zinc Coating<\/h4>\r\n

    Galvanizers Association <\/h5>\r\nwww.galvanizeit.org<\/a>\r\n

    Zinc, a natural, healthy, and abundant element was first used in construction in 79 AD; thus, its characteristics as a well-suited corrosion protective coating for iron and steel products has long been known. The 27th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, zinc is naturally present in rocks, soil, air, water, and the biosphere, as well as in plants, animals, and humans…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  6. 6<\/div>
    Protection de l’acier par le zinc<\/div><\/div>
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    Le m\u00e9canisme principal par lequel les rev\u00eatements galvanis\u00e9s prot\u00e8gent l’acier consiste \u00e0 servir de barri\u00e8re imp\u00e9n\u00e9trable emp\u00eachant l’humidit\u00e9 d’entrer en contact avec l’acier, car sans humidit\u00e9 (\u00e9lectrolyte) la corrosion n’est pas possible. La nature du processus de galvanisation garantit que le rev\u00eatement de zinc m\u00e9tallique pr\u00e9sente d’excellentes adh\u00e9rence et r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l’abrasion et \u00e0 la corrosion. Les rev\u00eatements galvanis\u00e9s ne se d\u00e9gradent pas (craqu\u00e8lement, cloquage et d\u00e9tachement) comme avec les autres rev\u00eatements protecteurs tels que la peinture. Toutefois, le zinc est un mat\u00e9riau r\u00e9actif qui se corrode et s’\u00e9rode lentement. C’est pourquoi la protection fournie par un rev\u00eatement galvanis\u00e9 est proportionnelle \u00e0 son \u00e9paisseur et au taux de corrosion. Par cons\u00e9quent, il est important de comprendre le m\u00e9canisme de corrosion du zinc et les facteurs qui affectent sa vitesse.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    How Zinc Protects Steel<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    Steel sheet is a very versatile product. It comes in many sizes and types, and is applied to many end uses including steel buildings, automotive panels, signs, and appliances. The low cost, strength and formability of steel sheet are some reasons for its widespread use…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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    Galvanic\/Bimetallic (including Cut Edge) Corrosion of Galvanized Sheet<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    Corrosion reactions require four components: viz., an anode, a cathode, an electrical circuit and an electrolyte. Galvanic corrosion is the corrosion that results when two dissimilar metals with different potentials are placed in electrical contact in an electrolyte….<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  7. 7<\/div>
    Processus de galvanisation par immersion \u00e0 chaud<\/div><\/div>
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    Comme son nom l’indique, un rev\u00eatement par immersion \u00e0 chaud en continu implique l’application d’un rev\u00eatement fondu sur la surface de la t\u00f4le d’acier dans un processus ininterrompu. La t\u00f4le d’acier traverse comme un ruban continu un bain de m\u00e9tal fondu \u00e0 une vitesse pouvant atteindre 180 m par minute. Dans le bain de m\u00e9tal fondu, la bande d’acier r\u00e9agit (alliages) avec le m\u00e9tal fondu pour coller le rev\u00eatement \u00e0 la surface de la bande. Lorsque la bande \u00e9merge du bain fondu, elle entra\u00eene avec elle un exc\u00e8s de m\u00e9tal liquide, un peu comme un objet retir\u00e9 rapidement d’un r\u00e9cipient d’eau. Un processus de nettoyage au gaz permet de conserver \u00e0 la surface de la bande une \u00e9paisseur contr\u00f4l\u00e9e de rev\u00eatement, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement exprim\u00e9e sous la forme d’un poids (masse) de rev\u00eatement par unit\u00e9 de surface.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    The Continuous Hot-Dip Coating Process for Steel Sheet Products<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    The continuous hot-dip coating process for steel-sheet products is widely used and employed in all corners of the globe today. It was originally developed over fifty years ago for galvanizing (zinc-coating). Now it is also used to apply other metals to steel sheet and the early practitioners would hardly recognize the coating lines of today…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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    Continuous Hot-Dip\tGalvanizing \u2013 Process and Products<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    Galvanizing is a process for rustproofing iron and steel by the application of a zinc coating. Three of the most-used processes for applying zinc to iron and steel are hot-dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, and zinc spraying. Most products are coated using the hot-dip process. ..<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  8. 8<\/div>
    Formation de paillettes<\/div><\/div>
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    Le dictionnaire d\u00e9finit une \u00ab paillette \u00bb comme un objet scintillant. Lorsque le mot \u00ab paillette \u00bb est utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9crire l’aspect de surface d’une t\u00f4le d’acier galvanis\u00e9, il correspond \u00e0 un motif typique de flocon de neige ou d’\u00e9toile \u00e0 six branches, visible \u00e0 l’\u0153il nu. La figure 1 montre les d\u00e9tails d’un motif de paillette standard d’un rev\u00eatement galvanis\u00e9 selon un agrandissement d’environ 10 x.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    The Spangle on Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    For many years, galvanized articles made by hot-dip coating techniques were identified by a characteristic spangle appearance. In some cases, this is still true today. However, because of changes in the zinc refining process, in the galvanizing process, in the demands of the marketplace, and health concerns, relatively little hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made today has a visible spangle…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  9. 9<\/div>
    S\u00e9lection de l’\u00e9paisseur de rev\u00eatement (poids ou masse) pour les produits de t\u00f4les d’acier galvanis\u00e9<\/div><\/div>
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    La s\u00e9lection d’une \u00e9paisseur de rev\u00eatement appropri\u00e9e aux besoins d’un utilisateur de t\u00f4les d’acier galvanis\u00e9 exige de conna\u00eetre la corrosivit\u00e9 de l’environnement dans lequel le produit doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9. L’\u00e9paisseur du rev\u00eatement de zinc d\u00e9termine en grande partie sa dur\u00e9e de vie totale, mais elle n’est pas utilis\u00e9e directement pour sp\u00e9cifier la quantit\u00e9 de rev\u00eatement. GalvInfoNote 1.1 explique pourquoi les rev\u00eatements des t\u00f4les galvanis\u00e9es sont sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9s, non pas sous la forme d’une \u00e9paisseur, mais comme un poids de rev\u00eatement (syst\u00e8me imp\u00e9rial d’unit\u00e9s) ou une masse de rev\u00eatement (syst\u00e8me SI).<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    Selecting Coating Thickness (Weight or Mass) for Galvanized Steel Sheet Products<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    The proper selection of coating thickness to meet a galvanized steel sheet user’s needs requires\r\nknowledge of the corrosiveness of the environment in which the product will be used. The thickness of the zinc coating largely determines its ultimate life, but it is not used directly to specify the amount of coating…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n

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    Understanding Coating Weight Designations for Zinc-Based Coatings on Steel Sheet<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    For many years, galvanized articles made by hot-dip coating techniques were identified by a characteristic spangle appearance. In some cases, this is still true today. However, because of changes in the zinc refining process, in the galvanizing process, in the demands of the marketplace, and health concerns, relatively little hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made today has a visible spangle…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  10. 10<\/div>
    Applications pour les t\u00f4les en acier galvanis\u00e9<\/div><\/div>
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    Applications pour les t\u00f4les en acier galvanis\u00e9 : gaines des syst\u00e8mes de CVC, appareils \u00e9lectrom\u00e9nagers, climatiseurs et syst\u00e8mes de r\u00e9frig\u00e9ration, chauffe-eau et refroidisseurs \u00e0 panneaux \u00e9lectriques, rev\u00eatements m\u00e9talliques de surfaces, portes en acier, mobilier, automobile, armures m\u00e9talliques des c\u00e2bles souterrains, maillages, plafonds suspendus, cloisons, etc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  11. 11<\/div>
    Normes nationales et internationales associ\u00e9es aux t\u00f4les d’acier galvanis\u00e9<\/div><\/div>
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    Sp\u00e9cifications normalis\u00e9es ASTM A653\/A653M-15 pour les t\u00f4les d’acier, rev\u00eatues de zinc (galvanis\u00e9es) ou rev\u00eatues d’un alliage de zinc et de fer (galvannealed) par immersion \u00e0 chaud : EN 10346-09 \u2013 Produits plats en acier rev\u00eatus en continu par immersion \u00e0 chaud \u2013 Conditions techniques de livraison : JIS G3302 \u2013 T\u00f4les et bobines d’acier galvanis\u00e9 par immersion \u00e0 chaud : ISO 3575-2011 \u2013 T\u00f4les en acier au carbone galvanis\u00e9es en continu par immersion \u00e0 chaud, de qualit\u00e9 commerciale et pour emboutissage\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n\"astm-logo\"\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  12. 12<\/div>
    Raisons de l’ajout de plomb au bain de zinc de galvanisation<\/div><\/div>
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    Le plomb favorise la formation de paillettes. Le plomb est miscible dans le zinc liquide jusqu’\u00e0 une teneur d’environ 0,5 %. Au-dessus de cette limite, un liquide riche en plomb, non miscible, se d\u00e9pose au fond du bain de galvanisation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

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    The Spangle on Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    For many years, galvanized articles made by hot-dip coating techniques were identified by a characteristic spangle appearance. In some cases, this is still true today. However, because of changes in the zinc refining process, in the galvanizing process, in the demands of the marketplace, and health concerns, relatively little hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made today has a visible spangle..<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  13. 13<\/div>
    Qualit\u00e9s de zinc disponibles pour la galvanisation en continu par immersion \u00e0 chaud<\/div><\/div>
    \r\n

    Le zinc joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la galvanisation en continu par immersion \u00e0 chaud. L’utilisation d’une qualit\u00e9 de zinc appropri\u00e9e, d’un alliage de qualit\u00e9 de galvanisation en continu ou d’un alliage m\u00e8re est la cl\u00e9 pour obtenir un produit galvanis\u00e9 qui r\u00e9pond aux exigences du march\u00e9. Un contr\u00f4le pr\u00e9cis de la quantit\u00e9 d’aluminium dans le zinc est essentiel pour permettre une adh\u00e9rence correcte au substrat en acier. Pour cela, le galvanisateur doit pouvoir compter sur un approvisionnement de lingots de zinc brut qui respectent les limites de composition sp\u00e9cifiques. Cela n\u00e9cessite l’application de plusieurs normes ASTM relatives aux produits de zinc. Le bulletin GalvInfoNote 5.2 disponible sur le site web GalvInfo Center (voir le lien ci-dessous) passe en revue les qualit\u00e9s de zinc disponibles pour la galvanisation en continu par immersion \u00e0 chaud et les documents ASTM qui la r\u00e9glementent.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n\"galvinfo-logo\"\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
    \r\n

    Zinc Grades Used for Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanizing <\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    Zinc plays a crucial role in continuous hot-dip galvanizing. Using the correctly specified grade of zinc, continuous galvanizing grade (CGG) alloy, or master alloy is key to producing a galvanized product that meets the requirements of the market place…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  14. 14<\/div>
    Effet du plomb dans le zinc sur les performances et la durabilit\u00e9 de l’acier galvanis\u00e9<\/div><\/div>
    \r\n

    \u2022 Assombrissement des paillettes
    \r\n\u2022 Perte d’adh\u00e9rence retard\u00e9e
    \r\n\u2022 Inaptitude aux applications de peinture\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n\"science-direct\"\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
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    Premature Darkening Problem and its Prevention in Galvanized Sheet Surface<\/h4>\r\n

    Science Direct<\/h5>\r\nwww.sciencedirect.com<\/a>\r\n

    In the engineering and construction sectors, hot-dip galvanized steel sheets are preferred by users for their beautiful appearance consisting of large flowery grains termed ”spangles”; originating from the solidification pattern of the zinc layer….<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  15. 15<\/div>
    Alternatives au plomb dans le zinc<\/div><\/div>
    \r\n

    L’utilisation d’antimoine r\u00e9duit les probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s au plomb pour la sant\u00e9 ; toutefois, la corrosion des bords des paillettes continue \u00e0 poser probl\u00e8me. <\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n\"galvinfo-logo\"\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
    \r\n

    The Spangle on Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet<\/h4>\r\n

    The GalvInfo Center<\/h5>\r\nwww.galvinfo.com<\/a>\r\n

    For many years, galvanized articles made by hot-dip coating techniques were identified by a characteristic spangle appearance. In some cases, this is still true today. However, because of changes in the zinc refining process, in the galvanizing process, in the demands of the marketplace, and health concerns, relatively little hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made today has a visible spangle…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n

  16. 16<\/div>
    Nouvelle clause ASTM pour les t\u00f4les d’acier galvanis\u00e9, limitant la teneur de plomb dans le zinc \u00e0 90 ppm<\/div><\/div>
    \r\n

    6.2 Analyse du bain de zinc \u2013 Le bain de m\u00e9tal utilis\u00e9 pour la galvanisation en continu par immersion \u00e0 chaud ne doit pas contenir moins de 99 % de zinc, avec une teneur en plomb ne d\u00e9passant pas 0,009 %.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    NOTE 3 \u2013 Pour contr\u00f4ler la formation d’alliage et favoriser l’adh\u00e9rence du rev\u00eatement de plomb \u00e0 la base en acier, le m\u00e9tal fondu de rev\u00eatement contient normalement un pourcentage d’aluminium allant de 0,05 \u00e0 0,25. Cet aluminium est mis dans le bain fondu soit sous la forme d’un ingr\u00e9dient sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 dans le spelter, soit par l’ajout d’un alliage m\u00e8re contenant de l’aluminium. La sp\u00e9cification B852 sp\u00e9cifie les alliages de zinc de qualit\u00e9 de galvanisation en continu, dont plusieurs alliages de zinc qui permettent de contr\u00f4ler une teneur d’aluminium comprise entre 0,05 et 0,25 % du rev\u00eatement fondu et de ne pas d\u00e9passer la teneur de 0,009 % de plomb. La sp\u00e9cification B6 sp\u00e9cifie certaines qualit\u00e9s de zinc qui ne d\u00e9passent pas la teneur de 0,009 % de plomb, mais contiennent des niveaux plus faibles d’aluminium.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \u00c9tudes connexes<\/h4>\r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n\r\n
    \r\n\"astm-logo\"\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n
    \r\n

    Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by the Hot-Dip Process<\/h4>\r\n

    ASTM International<\/h5>\r\n\twww.astm.org <\/a>\r\n

    This specification covers steel sheet, zinc-coated (galvanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated (galvannealed) by the hot-dip process in coils and cut lengths. The material is available in several designations as follows: commercial steel, forming steel, deep drawing steel, extra deep drawing steel, structural steel, high strength low alloy steel, high strength low alloy steel with improved formability, solution hardened steel, and bake hardenable steel…<\/p>\r\nread more<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/ol><\/div>\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"De nombreux ouvrages sur la galvanisation sont disponibles dans le domaine public. Cette section de la biblioth\u00e8que r\u00e9sume la litt\u00e9rature portant sur la galvanisation des aciers par immersion \u00e0 chaud, avec tout d’abord une description du zinc et de la mani\u00e8re dont il prot\u00e8ge l’acier, puis le processus de galvanisation par immersion \u00e0 chaud, les […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur la galvanisation - UNICOIL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur la galvanisation - UNICOIL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"De nombreux ouvrages sur la galvanisation sont disponibles dans le domaine public. Cette section de la biblioth\u00e8que r\u00e9sume la litt\u00e9rature portant sur la galvanisation des aciers par immersion \u00e0 chaud, avec tout d’abord une description du zinc et de la mani\u00e8re dont il prot\u00e8ge l’acier, puis le processus de galvanisation par immersion \u00e0 chaud, les […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UNICOIL\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"20 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/\",\"name\":\"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur la galvanisation - UNICOIL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-07-08T05:50:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-07-08T05:50:37+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur la galvanisation\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/\",\"name\":\"UNICOIL\",\"description\":\"UNICOIL - A Leader in Steel Coil Coating and Prepainted Steels\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#organization\",\"name\":\"UNICOIL\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-content\/uploads\/UNICOIL-Logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/wp-content\/uploads\/UNICOIL-Logo-1.png\",\"width\":1028,\"height\":617,\"caption\":\"UNICOIL\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur la galvanisation - UNICOIL","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.unicoil.com.sa\/Unicoil-Beta-Update\/fr\/references-sur-la-galvanisation\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"R\u00e9f\u00e9rences sur la galvanisation - UNICOIL","og_description":"De nombreux ouvrages sur la galvanisation sont disponibles dans le domaine public. 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